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It shall be the duty of the driver of any vehicle entering a private road or <br />driveway, alley or building to yield the right of way to pedestrians lawfully using the <br />sidewalk or sidewalk area extending across any alleyway, private road, driveway or <br />building. <br />(b) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor on a first <br />offense; on a second offense within one year after the first offense, the person is guilty <br />of a misdemeanor of the fourth degree; on each subsequent offense within one year <br />after the first offense, the person is gwlty of a misdemeanor of the third degree. <br />331.12 "U" TURNS RESTRICTED. <br />(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) hereof, no vehicle shall be turned so <br />as to proceed in the opposite direction upon any curve, or upon the approach to or near <br />the crest of a grade, if the vehicle cannot be seen within 500 feet by the driver of any <br />other vehicle approaching from either direction. <br />(b) The driver of an emergency vehicle or public safety vehicle, when <br />responding to an emergency call, may turn the vehicle so as to proceed in the opposite <br />direction. This subsection applies only when the emergency vehicle or public safety <br />vehicle is responding to an emergency call, is equipped with and displaying at least one <br />flashing, rotating or oscillatorg light visible under normal atmospheric conditions from a <br />distance of 500 feet to the front of the vehicle, and when the driver of the vehicle is <br />giving an audible signal by siren, exhaust whistle or bell. This subsection does not <br />relieve the driver of an emergency vehicle or public safety vehicle from the duty to drive <br />with due regard for the safety of all persons and property upon the highway. <br />(ORC 4511.37) <br />(c) Except as provided in subsection (b) hereof, no vehicle shall be turned so <br />as to proceed in the opposite direction within an intersection, or upon any street in a <br />business district, or upon a freeway, expressway or controlled-access highway, or <br />where authorized signs are erected to prohibit such movement, or at any other location <br />unless such movement can be made with reasonable safety to other users of the street <br />and without interfering with the safe operation of any traffic that may be affected by <br />such movement. <br />(d) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, whoever violates this <br />section is guilty of a minor misdemeanor. If, within one year of the offense, the <br />offender previous)y has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to one predicate motor <br />vehicle or traffic offense, whoever violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the <br />fourth degree. If, within one year of the offense, the offender previously has been <br />convicted of two or more predicate motor vehicle or traffic offenses, whoever violates <br />this section is uilty of a misdemeanor of the third degree. <br />(ORC 4511.37 <br />331.13 STARTING AND BACKING VEHICLES. <br />(a) No person shall start a vehicle which is stopped, standing or parked until <br />such movement can be made with reasonable safety. <br />Before backing, operators of vehicles shall give ample warning, and while <br />backing they shall exercise vigilance not to injure person or property on the street or <br />highway. <br />No person shall back a motor vehicle on a freeway, except: in a rest area; in the <br />performance of public works or official duties; as a result of an emergency caused by an <br />accident or breakdown of a motor vehicle. <br />(b) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, whoever violates this <br />24 <br />