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CITY OF LAKEWOOD CI.Ik1lAI I,ACTION IPILAINI <br /> 180 <br /> 160 <br /> 159 157 159 164 Dry days <br /> 140 <br /> ........... Average daily maximum <br /> 120 temperature(°F) <br /> 100 <br /> 80 61 66 82 Total annual <br /> 59 '� 71 precipitation(inches) <br /> 60 <br /> 41 <br /> I 38I9 "'� 41 ,�������, Days below freezing <br /> 40 �ra iiiml lmlllllllllI616I6I6k6 odkax.Jk°W'II <br /> „„„ ..............„F­„„„„ „„„„ 40.3 <br /> 20 . Annual days with max <br /> 0 ,� 15 19 temperature above 90°F <br /> Historical Average 2010 2050 2100 <br /> (1961-1990) <br /> Figure.:3. change irnpods to 2100 undercl high g(obol erni cion y scenorio.9 <br /> If ,,,,3„II II II lc„n to c,J,',I II(I U'L <br /> Flood damage is a combination of the magnitude of a natural event and the placement and <br /> function of human infrastructure. Urban planning,water management,and infrastructure shape <br /> what the risk is,who is at risk,and when they will be at risk. <br /> IIIrYi"Vpe.$d t.- II...akewood will experience IrYi oire wet basellneln'ts, Iroad closulres, and dairne.ge'to <br /> sewelr and watelr infrastructure e.$'^s a Iresult of d";I[IrYi"iate d";hainge. <br /> IV..3.2Ifenrlfili:i,eIl tuuir eII xtireIIIines <br /> As summarized in the Ohio Wildlife Action Plan,effects include the following: <br /> • Warming occurring in every season, particularly in winter,at higher latitudes,at higher <br /> elevations,and inland (away from lake coasts). <br /> • Extreme heat events are increasing. <br /> • Growing seasons are getting longer,with more growing degree days expected. <br /> • The Great Lakes are warming,so lake evaporation rates are increasing. <br /> Specifically, urban areas experience warmer temperatures as a result of the high concentration <br /> of buildings, high emissions,and heat-absorbing surfaces such as black roofs and parking <br /> lots. On average,these urban heat islands(UHIs)will range between 20 and 220 Fahrenheit <br /> warmer than adjacent rural areas. Generally, plants create cooler ambient temperatures than <br /> man-made surfaces because of their reflective properties, evapotranspiration, and shading. <br /> Although trees provide all three benefits,the difference between trees and other forms of dense <br /> natural vegetation at the landscape scale is low. Near buildings,where trees can be placed to <br /> lower energy use and greenhouse gas emissions,their value in reducing urban heat islands is <br /> particularly high.As the climate changes,the ecosystem is also changing, evidenced by the <br /> changes in viability of tree species.10 <br /> 9The Climate Explorer,2022.NOAA.Accessed:https://crt-climate-explorer.nemac.org/climate graphs/?city=Lakewood%2C+OH&county= <br /> Cuyahoga%2BCounty&area-id=39035&fips=39035&zoom=7&lat=41.4819932&Ion=-81.7981908&id=pcpn <br /> 10 USDA Forest Service(2022).Climate Change Atlas Tree Species;Current and Potential Future Habitat,Capability,and Migration.Retrieved <br /> from:https://www.fs.usda.gov/nrs/atlas/combined/resources/summaries/urban/ua_17668.pdf <br /> VIII <br />