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§ 1517.os DWELLING HOUSE CODE 1517.06 Letter "E." Effective opening. The minimum cross-sec- tional area at the point of discharge, measured or expressed either in terms of the diameter of a.circle or, if the opening is not circular, the diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area. Exposure. The directional aspect of a struc- ture in relation to the points of the com- pass or weather. 1517.07 Letter "F." Family, One or more persons living in a separate living unit in a domestic relation- ship based upon birth, marriage or other domestic bond, Fire-resistance rating. The time in minutes or hours or fraction thereof that the mate- rial or construction will withstand the standard fire exposure as determined by a fire test made in conformity with the ASTM E 119, or as determined by reason- able extension or interpretation of infor- mation derived from such tests. Firestopping. Material, not more com- bustible than wood of nominal 2 inch thickness, placed so as to seal all draft openings in walls, partitions, and floors in such a manner as to provide fire and smoke barrier between stories and be- tween upper story and roof space. Fixture; When not otherwise qualified shall mean a plumbing fixture when used in Chapter 93 and an electrical fixture when used in Chapter 97. - branch. A pipe connecting several fix- tures, -drain. The drain from the trap of a fix- ture to the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe. Fixture-supply pipe. A water-supply pipe connecting the fixture with fixture branch. Fixture-unit. An arbitrary factor so chosen that the load-producing effects on the plumbing system of the different plumbing fixtures can be expressed approximately as multiples of that factor. Flashing. Sheet metal or other material used in roof and wall construction to protect a .building from seepage of water. Flat. See Dwelling; flat. Flooded. When the liquid in a fixture rises to the flood level rim or overflows. Flood level; In reference to a plumbing fix- ture, the level at which water begins to overflow the top or rim of the fixture. -rim. The top edge of the receptacle over which water overflows. 18 Floor area. See Area: Floor -. Flue. A passageway, vertical or nearly so, for conveying gaseous products of com- bustion to the outer air. See also Type A Flue. Flush valve. A valve for flushing water closets and similar fixtures. Flushometer valve. A device which dis- charges apredetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure. Footing. That portion of a foundation of a structure which spreads and transmits loads directly to the soil. Forced warm air heating system. A warm air heating system in which the warm air is transported and distributed through pipes or ducts by action of a fan or other mechanical impeller. Foundation. The supporting portion of a structure below the first-floor construction or ground, including the footings, Framing systems: Balloon -. A system of framing a building in which all vertical structural elements of the bearing walls and partitions consist of single pieces extending from the top of the foundation sill to the roof plate and to which all floor joists are fastened. Braced -. A system of framing a building in which all vertical structural elements of the bearing walls and partitions, except corner posts, extend for one story only, starting at the foundation sill for the first- story framing and at the top plate of the story below for all stories above the first; corner posts extend from foundation sill to roof plate and are braced by diagonal members usually extending the full height of each story and crossing several of the studs on each side. Platform -. A system of framing a build- ing on which floor joists of each story rest on the top plates of the story below, or on the foundation sill for the first story and the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each story. Furring. Strips of wood or metal applied to a wall or other surface to make it even, to form an air space, or to give an appearance of greater thickness. 1517.08 Letter "C." Gable. That portion of a wall contained be- tween the slopes of adouble-sloped roof, or that portion contained between the slope of asingle-sloped roof and a line projected horizontally through the lowest elevation of the roof construction. • 107 ~- - Plumbing 1593.52 Water-supply tanks (house tanks). (a) When required. -When the normal water pressure from the main is insufficient to supply fixtures which are likely to be in simultaneous operation, the supply shall be supplemented from a gravity house tank or pressure tank. (b) Overflow for water-supply tanks. Overflow outlets for gravity tanks shall be not less than 4 inches below the tank supply, shall discharge above and within 6 inches of a roof drain or floor drain, or they shall dis- charge over an open water-supplied sink or other approved receptacle. Adequate over- flow pipes properly screened against the en- trance of insects or vermin shall be provided. In no case shall such overflows be connected directly to any drainage system. (c) Drains. All water-supply tanks shall be provided with valved drain lines located at or near their lowest point and discharged as an indirect waste or as required for over- flow pipes in subsection (b) of this Section. Each tank shall be provided with drain pipes of diameters not less than the following: WATER-SUPPLY TANK DRAINS Tank Capacity Drain Pipe (Gallons) (Inches) Up to 750 1 751 to 1500 1~/z 1501 to 3000 2 3001 to 5000 2~Z 5001 to 7500 3 Over 7500 4 Each drain line shall be equipped with a valve of the same diameter as the pipe. 1593.53 Water-distributing pipe, tubing, and fittings. (a) Subject to the provisions of subsec- tions (b) and (c) of this Section, material for water-distributing pipes and tubing shall be of brass; copper, lead, cast-iron, wrought iron, open-hearth iron, steel or other ap- proved material with appropriate approved fittings, conforming to the applicable specifi- cations listed in Table 93A. All threaded ferrous pipe and fittings shall be galvanized (zinc-coated) or cement lined. When used in corrosive soil, all ferrous pipe and fittings shall be coal tar enamel coated or otherwise protected in an equivalent manner against external corrosion. (b) No piping material shall be used to convey potable water where reaction be- tween such material and the water may cause--the potable water supply used far human consumption or culinary purposes to § 1593.55 be toxic or otherwise unsuitable for human consumption. (c) Piping or fittings that have been used for other than potable water supply shall not be used in a potable water supply system. 1593.54. Water supply to fixtures. (a) Water supply, All plumbing fixtures shall be provided with a public water supply or an adequate private supply of water. (b) Size of supply pipes. The minimum size of fixture-supply pipes shall be as fol- lows: MINIMUM .SIZE OF FLYTURE SUPPLY PIPES Fixture- supply Pipe Fixture (Inches) Bathtubs ~/z Combination Sink and Tray ~/z Hose Bibbs or Sill Cocks r/z Hot-Water Tanks 3/4 Laundry Trays I/z Lavatories s/s Shower Stalls ~/z Sinks ~/a Washing Machine ~/z Water Closet, Flushometer (Direct Flush Valve) 1 Water-Closet, Tank s/s (c) Water hammer. Water-supply sys- tems in dwellings shall be designed and in- stalled so that there shall be no water ham- mer or other objectionable line noises. To prevent pressure hazard or to prevent or eliminate objectionable noise, air chambers or approved mechanical devices shall be pro- vided to cushion pressure surges in the water-supply system. 1593.55 Safety devices for hot water storage tanks. (a) Pressure relief. A pressure relief valve or combination pressure and tempera- ture relief valve, meeting the requirements hereinafter established, shall be installed on all equipment in which water for domestic use is heated or hot water stored under pressure. All such pressure relief valves or pressure relief elements of a combined relief valve shall be equipped with a testing device whereby the valve can be unseated manually for testing, A pressure relief valve or pres- surerelief element of a combined valve shall be capable of releasing water from the sys- tem at the rate it is expanded by the heat input of connected- heaters with a pressure rise not in excess of 10°fo of the pressure at