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installed -location address of an originating telephone number. Because wireless devices have no fixed service location, new technologies had to be created in order to provide E9- 1-1 services to all wireless callers. In 1996, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) responded to this need by issuing the Wireless Enhanced 9-1-1 Rules. This order established and required enhanced wireless 9-1-1 services. In order to provide carriers with a staged implementation, the FCC ordered wireless carriers to provide the service in two phases. Under Phase I, within six months of a valid request by a PSAP, wireless carriers had to deliver the 9-1-1 caller's voice and originating cell site location to the most appropriate PSAP. Phase II required wireless carriers, as of October 1, 2001 and within six months of a PSAP request for location information, to improve the location information used for call routing and caller location by providing the 9-1-1 system with the latitude and longitude of callers. Carriers were allowed to choose handset -based location technology within individual wireless phones — or network -based location technology using cell -tower triangulation. The order also set technical and accuracy requirements for carriers based on the type of implementation they chose. Location accuracy for handset -based technology had to be within 50 meters for 67 percent of calls and within 150 meters for 90 percent of calls. Location accuracy for network -based solutions had to be within 300 meters for 90 percent of calls. Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG9-1-1) refers to an initiative aimed at updating the 9-1-1 service infrastructure in the United States and Canada to improve public emergency communications services in a wireless mobile society. In addition to calling 9-1-1 from a phone, it intends to enable the public to transmit text, images, video and data to the 9-1- 1 call center (PSAP). The NG9-1-1 system is viewed as an evolutionary transition to enable the general public to make a 9-1-1 "call" from any wired, wireless, or internet Protocol (IP) based device, and allow the emergency services community to take advantage of E9-1-1 call delivery and other functions through new internetworking technologies based on open standards. By enabling the general public to access 9-1-1 services through virtually any communications device, the NG9-1-1 system provides a more direct ability to request help or share critical data with emergency services providers from any location. In addition, call takers at the PSAP will be able to transfer emergency calls to another PSAP and forward the location and other critical data, such as text messages, images, video, with the call.' 1 Information for the section titled "History" gathered from NENA "9-1-1 Origin & History' and The Industry Council for Emergency Response Technologies, "History of 911" County history collected from archived files and courtesy Mr. John Snack. 14