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(n) "New construction" means structures for which the "start of <br />construction" commenced on or after the effective date of this ordinance. <br />(o) "Start of construction" means the date the building permit was <br />issued, provided the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, <br />placement, or other improvement was within 180 days of the permit date. <br />The actual start means either the first placement of permanent construction <br />of a structure on a site, such as the pouring of slab or footings, the <br />installation of piles, the construction of columns, or anp work beyond the <br />stage of excavation; or the placement of a manufactured home on a <br />foundation. Permanent construction does not include land prepartion, such <br />as clearing, grading and filling; nor does it include the installation of <br />streets and/or walkways; nor does it include excavation for a basement, <br />footings, piers, or foundations or the erection of temporary forms; nor <br />does it include the installation on the property of accessory buildings, <br />such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not part of the <br />main structure. <br />(p) "Structure" means a walled and roofed building, manufactured home, <br />or gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground. <br />(q) "Substantial improvement" means any repair, reconstruction, or <br />improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50 percent <br />of the market value of the structure either (1) before the improvement or <br />repair is started, or (2) if the structure has been damaged and is being <br />restored, before the damage occurred. For the purposes of this definition <br />"substantial improvement" is considered to occur when the first alteration <br />of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of the building <br />commences, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions <br />of the structure. The term does not, however, include either (1) any <br />project for improvement of a structure to specifications which are solely <br />necessary to assure safe living conditions, and (2) any alteration of a <br />structure listed on the National Register of Historic Places or a State <br />Inventory of Historic Places. <br />(r) "Variance" is a grant of relief to a person from the requirements <br />of this ordinance which permits construction in a manner that would <br />otherwise be prohibited by this ordinance. <br />SECTION 1361.03: GENERAL PROVISIONS <br />(a) Lands to Which this Ordinance Applies. <br />This ordinance shall apply to all areas of special flood hazard within <br />the jurisdiction of the City. <br />(b) Basis for EstablishinQ the Areas of Special Flood Hazard.